Presented at the 2nd International Symposium on Innovative Approaches in Scientific Studies (ISAS2018-Winter), Samsun, Turkey, Nov 30, 2018

SETSCI Conference Proceedings, 2018, 3, Page (s): 1305-1307 , https://doi.org/

Published Date: 31 December 2018    | 1356     10

Plants encounter a variety of environmental stress factors that affect plant growth, fruit yield and quality. Stress
factors cause physiological dysfunctions, ion imbalance, depression in photosynthesis, leading to growth reduction and
decrease in fruit quality and taste. Recent studies have focused on the plant growth regulators to trigger plant tolerance to
various environmental stresses. Plant growth regulators such as salicylic acid (SA), glycine betaine (GB), silicon (Si), sodium
nitroprusside (SNP), proline have been found to play an important role in plant responses to stress factors. SA plays an
important role in the regulation of plant growth, development and responses to abiotic stresses. Silicon nutrition has been
shown as an important application to mitigate environmental stresses. Moreover, SNP is involved in many processes of plants
such as induction in cell death, stomatal movement, photosynthesis and floral regulation. In the current review, useful effects
of the plant growth regulators on temperate zone fruit trees against many stress factors will be discussed.  

Keywords - Abiotic Stress, Fruit Tree, Plant Growth Regulator, Phytohormone, Salicylic Acid

[1]C. Sotomayor, R. Ruiz, and J. Castro, “Growth, yield and iron deficiency tolerance level of six peach rootstocks grown on calcareous soil”, Ciencia e
investigación agraria, vol. 41(3), pp. 403-409, 2014.
[2]S. Aras, E. Arslan, and A. Esitken, “Biochemical and Physiological Responses of Lemon Plant Under Salt Stress”, 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment, 30 September–3 October 2015, Konya, 2015.
[3]A. Koc, G. Balci, Y. Erturk, B. S. Dinler, H. Keles, N. Bakoğlu, “Farklı Tuz Konsantrasyonlarının ve Uygulamaların Çilek Gelişimi Üzerine Etkileri”, Journal of Ataturk Central Horticultural Research Institute vol. 45, pp. 468-473, 2016a.
[4]A. Koc, G. Balci, Y. Erturk, H. Keles, N. Bakoglu, S. Ercisli, “Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizae and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on Proline, Membrane Permeability and Growth of Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) Under Salt Stress”, Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality vol. 89, pp. 89-97, 2016b.
[5]D. Akçay, and A. Eşitken, “MM106 Anacı ve Üzerine Aşılı Golden Delicious Elma Çeşidine Tuz Stresinin Etkileri” Selçuk Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi vol. 3(2), pp. 228-232, 2017.
[6]S. Aras, and A. Eşitken, “Physiological Responses of Cherry Rootstocks to Short Term Salinity”, Erwerbs-Obstbau, vol. 60, pp. 161-164, 2018.
[7]M. N. Khan, M. H. Siddiqui, F. Mohammad, M. Naeem, “Interactive role of nitric oxide and calcium chloride in enhancing tolerance to salt stress”, Nitric Oxide, vol. 27, pp. 210-218, 2012
[8]S. Aras, and, A. Eşitken, “Effects of antifreeze proteins and glycine betaine on strawberry plants for resistance to cold temperature”, Proceedings of International Conference on Agriculture and Biotechnology, Malaysia, 29-30 December, IPCBEE vol. 60, pp. 107-111, 2013
[9]A. Horuz, and A. Korkmaz, Çeltikte (Oriza Sativa L.) Tuz Stresinin Azaltılmasında Silisli Gübrelemesinin Rolü”, Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 20(3), pp. 215-229, 2014.
[10]D. Rhodes, and A. D. Hanson, “Quaternary ammonium and terriary sulfonium compounds in higher plants” Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. Vol. 44, pp: 357-384, 1993.
[11]C. O. Budde, G. Polenta, A. Pagani, J. Gabilondo, M. Fussi, R. Murray, “The high temperature stress and exogenous applications of methyl jasmonate on peaches”, In: Proceedings 5th International postharvest symposium, Verona, pp 682, 2005.
[12]A. Salvatierra, P. Pimentel, R. Almada, and P. Hinrichsen, “Exogenous GABA application transiently improves the tolerance to root hypoxia on a sensitive genotype of Prunus rootstock”, Environmental and Experimental Botany, vol. 125, pp. 52-66, 2016.
[13]L. Zhang., M. Gao, L. Zhang, B. Li, M. Han, A. K. Alva, and M. Ashraf, “Role of exogenous glycinebetaine and humic acid in mitigating drought stress-induced adverse effects in Malus robusta seedlings”, Turkish Journal of Botany, vol. 37(5), pp. 920-929, 2013.
[14]X. Gong, S. Shi, F. Dou, Y. Song, and F. Ma, “Exogenous melatonin alleviates alkaline stress in Malus hupehensis Rehd. by regulating the biosynthesis of polyamines”, Molecules, vol. 22(9), pp. 1542, 2017.
[15]B. Hassan, N. M. Alirezaie, N. Hossein, and N. Ahmad, “Exogenous application of ascorbic acid alleviates chilling injury in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L. cv. Shahroudi) flowers”, Journal of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry, vol. 9(3), 2013.
[16]L. Y. Xie, G. Z. Zhou, X. F. Zhang, and Z. R. Kong, “Effects of Exogenous Salicylic Acid on Freezing Resistance of Prunus wilsonii Seedings [J]”, Northern Horticulture, vol. 6, pp. 24, 2013.
[17]C. Li, P. Wang, Z. Wei, D. Liang, C. Liu, L. Yin, D. Jia, M. Fu, and F. Ma, “The mitigation effects of exogenous melatonin on salinity‐induced stress in Malus hupehensis”, Journal of Pineal Research, vol. 53(3), pp. 298-306, 2012.
[18]H. Zhao, and H. Yang, “Exogenous polyamines alleviate the lipid peroxidation induced by cadmium chloride stress in Malus hupehensis Rehd.”, Scientia Horticulturae, vol. 116(4), pp. 442-447, 2008.
[19]H. Cao, X. W. Wang, Y. M. Zou, and H. R. Shu, “Effects of exogenous nitric oxide on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and photosynthesis rate in Malus hupehensis seedlings under water stress”, Acta Horticulturae Sinica, vol. 38(4), pp. 613-620, 2011.
[20]R. Nazar, N. Iqbal, S. Syeed, and N. A. Khan, “Salicylic acid alleviates decreases in photosynthesis under salt stress by enhancing nitrogen and sulfur assimilation and antioxidant metabolism differentially in two mungbean cultivars”, Journal of Plant Physiology, vol. 168(8), pp. 807-815, 2011.
[21]L. Wang, S. Chen, W. Kong, S. Li, and D. D. Archbold, “Salicylic acid pretreatment alleviates chilling injury and affects the antioxidant system and heat shock proteins of peaches during cold storage”, Postharvest Biology and Technology, vol. 41(3), pp. 244-251, 2006.
[22]H. Yao, and S. Tian, “Effects of pre-and post-harvest application of salicylic acid or methyl jasmonate on inducing disease resistance of sweet cherry fruit in storage”, Postharvest Biology and Technology, vol. 35(3), pp.253-262, 2005.
[23]M. B. Arnao, and J. Hernández‐Ruiz, “Melatonin promotes adventitious‐and lateral root regeneration in etiolated hypocotyls of Lupinus albus L.”,Journal of Pineal Research, vol. 42(2), pp. 147-152, 2007.
[24]W. Jian, D. W. Zhang, F. Zhu, S. X. Wang, X. J. Pu, X. G. Deng, S. S. Luo, and H. H. Lin, “Alternative oxidase pathway is involved in the exogenous SNP-elevated tolerance of Medicago truncatula to salt stress”, J. Plant Physiol. Vol. 193, pp. 79-87, 2016.
[25]M. C. Pedroso, and D. J. Durzan, “Effect of different gravity environments on DNA fragmentation and cell death in Kalanchoe leaves”, Annals Bot. vol. 86, pp. 983–994, 2000.
[26]C. García-Mata, and L. Lamattina, “Abscisic acid (ABA) inhibits lightinduced stomatal opening through calcium- and nitric oxide-mediated signaling pathways”, Nitric Oxide, vol. 17, pp. 143–151, 2007.