Design of Operating Routes of Wave Energy Powered Electric Cargo Ships in Red Sea
Mahmoud Hassan Onsa1, Mohammed Osman Elsadig2*
1University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
2University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
* Corresponding author: mohammedosmanmog@hotmail.com
Presented at the 4th International Symposium on Innovative Approaches in Engineering and Natural Sciences (ISAS WINTER-2019 (ENS)), Samsun, Turkey, Nov 22, 2019
SETSCI Conference Proceedings, 2019, 9, Page (s): 148-168 , https://doi.org/10.36287/setsci.4.6.049
Published Date: 22 December 2019 | 1099 17
Abstract
A theoretical design assessment performed here to evaluate the idea of utilizing wave energy in the Red sea to power electric-cargo ships, in the route between Port Sudan and Jeddah Islamic port. The calculated mean wave power in 2018 was (1.4 MW), five wave power stations was determined in the field depending on the travelling distance of ships batteries with depth of discharge 90% (75.01) km. The assessment used nine ships according to weekly-generated energy and suggested trips schedule (two trips per week). The battery-replacing technique used to exchange ships empty batteries with charged one to save the trip time, and a bunker fuel ship was assigned for batteries transporting between stations according to demand. The electric generation was individual without interconnecting cable between stations due to massive loss of that (16 MW). The calculated annual transported dry goods using this clean energy was 1.72 million ton. A brief economic analysis performed and concluded to start the project after 2020 with estimated annual profits 4.25 million dollar. The design found that it is promising to depend on wave power for supplying electric ships with energy, especially with the development in energy generation and storage technologies.
Keywords - Renewable energy, wave energy, electric ship, red sea, lithium battery, Pelamis
References
[1] O. Merk, Shipping Emissions in Ports, Paris, France: International Transport Forum, Discussion Paper published 2014.
[2] Q. Quanlin, "China Daily.com fully electric cargo ship launched in Guangzhou," China Daily, 14 11 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2017-11/14/content_34511312 . [Accessed July 2018].
[3] A. M. E. Saad, Wave and wind conditions in the Red Sea a numerical assessment using a third generation wave model, Bergen: A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree of Master in Physical Oceanography, Geophysical Institute University of Bergen, June 2010.
[4] Cruz, J. (Ed.), Ocean Wave Energy. Current Status and Future Perspectives, Springer, 2008.
[5] M. FOLLEY, Numerical Modelling of Wave Energy Converters State-of-the-Art Techniques for Single Devices and Arrays, Elsevier Inc, 2016.
[6] P. A. Lynn, Electricity from Wave and Tide an Introduction to Marine Energy, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2014.
[7] Arthur Pecher, Jens Peter Kofoed, Handbook of Ocean Wave Energy, Switzerland: Springer Nature the registered company is Springer International Publishing AG, 2017.
[8] Mork, Gunnar & Barstow, Steve & Kabuth, Alina & Teresa Pontes, Assessing the Global Wave Energy Potential, Arctic Engineering, 3. 10.1115/OMAE2010-20473, 2010.
[9] Greg Albright, Jake Edie, Said Al-Hallaj, A Comparison of Lead Acid to Lithium-ion in Stationary Storage Applications, AllCell Technologies LLC, March 2012.
[10] V.M. Aboobacker, et al, Wave energy resource assessment for Red Sea, Renewable Energy and Hybrid Marine http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.09.073 , 2016.
[11] K. Leary, "sciencealert.com," futurism, 6 DEC 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencealert.com/world-first-completely-electric-cargo-ship-china . [Accessed 10 July 2018].
[12] K. Leary, "futurism.com Advanced Transport," 5 December 2017. [Online]. Available: https://futurism.com/china-launched-worlds-first-all-electric-cargo-ship . [Accessed August 2018].
[13] F. Lambert, "ET @FredericLambert," electrek.co, 4 Dec 2017. [Online]. Available: https://electrek.co/2017/12/04/all-electric-cargo-ship-battery-china . [Accessed 10 July 2018].
[14] M. Cruickshank, "themanufacturer.com, China launches first ever electric cargo ship," the manufacturer, 4 Dec 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.themanufacturer.com/articles/china-launches-first-ever-electric-cargo-ship . [Accessed 10 July 2018].
[15] M. W. Murray, "Economies of Scale in Container Ship Costs," usmma.edu. [Online].Available:https://www.usmma.edu/sites/usmma.edu/files/docs/CMA%20Paper%20Murray%201%20%282%29.pdf, [Accessed 6 August 2018].
[16] Industry, Energy Technology Support Unit (ETSU) on behalf of the Department of Trade and, "PELAMIS WEC -CONCLUSION OF PRIMARY R&D FINAL REPORT," Ocean Power Delivery Ltd, ETSU V/06/00181/REP, 2006.
[17] Ricardo Gobato, Alekssander Gobato, and Desire Francine Gobato Fedrigo, Assessment Pelamis system to capture energy of ocean wave, Corresponding authors, ricardogobato@seed.pr.gov.br,alekssandergobato@hotmail.com,desirefg@bol.com.br , August 6, 2015.
[18] L. Rodrigues, Devices for Sea Wave Power Extraction to Electrical Energy Conversion, Lisbon: Lusaka University, pp. 193-210.
[19] Hongzhou He, Quanyou Qu and Juyue Li, Numerical Simulation of Section Systems in the Pelamis Wave Energy Converter, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, Advances in Mechanical Engineering, Volume 2013, Article ID 186056, http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/186056, 8 pages.
[20] Richard Yemm, David Pizer*, Chris Retzler and Ross Henderson, Pelamis: experience from concept to connection, 31 Bath Road, Edinburgh, UK: Pelamis Wave Power Ltd, Downloaded from http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org , on July 24, 2018, April 2012.
[21] "searoutes.com," [Online]. Available: https://www.searoutes.com/portdistance?fromName=Jeddah%20Islamic%20Port&fromLocode=SAJED&toName=Port . [Accessed May 2018].
[22] "I boating free Marin navigation online map," fishingapp.gps nautical charts, [Online]. Available: http://fishingapp.gpsnauticalcharts.com/i-boating-fishing-web-app/fishing-marine-chartsnavigation.html?title=Red+Sea+boating+app#7/20.486/38.309 . [Accessed 16 July 2018].
[23] S. Tanaka, Y. Okada, Y. Ichikawa, Offshore Drilling and Production Equipment, Civil Engineering, [Eds. Kiyoshi Horikawa, and Qizhong Guo] Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) Developed under the Auspices of the UNESCO,Eolss,Oxford, UK, [http://www.eolss.net], 2005.
[24] Prymian group, "66KV submarine cable systems for offshore wind," www.prysmiangroup.com , visited on August 2018.
[25] "Aliabad web site," alibaba.com, [Online]. Available: https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Electric-HoistWinchforTruckto_60578087219.html?spm=a2700.7724857.main07.23.6e3023cdtuekUD&s=p . [Accessed 25 July 2018].
[26] W. Musial, S. Butterfield, and A. Boone, Feasibility of Floating Platform Systems for Wind Turbines, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), November 2003.
[27] Donald G Newnan, Ted G Eschenbach, and Jerome P.Lavelle, ENGINEERING ECONOMIC ANALYSIS nine edition, Oxford University press, 2004.
[28] ["Google-finance," google.com, [Online]. Available: https://www.google.com/intl/en/googlefinance . [Accessed 13 August 2018].
[29] "Middle East, Red Sea and Indian subcontinent to Port Sudan - Peak Season Surcharge (PSS)," MAERSK, 16 August 2017. [Online].Available: https://www.maersk.com/en/news/2017/08/16/middle-east-red-sea-and-indian-subcontinent-to-port-sudan-pss . [Accessed 14 August 2018].
[30] "Google-finance," google.com,[Online]. Available: https://www.google.com/intl/en/googlefinance . [Accessed 14 August 2018].
[31] D. Deng, Li-ion batteries basics,progress, and challenges, Detroit, Michigan 48202: Energy Science and Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, 2015.
[32] "Submarine Power Cables, Nexans Deutschland and GmbHKabelkamp," Nexans plant Hanover, 20 • 30179 Hannover Tel.: +49 511 676-1 • Fax: +49 511 676-2444, www.nexans.de , 2013.