<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">setsci</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title>Setsci conference indexing system</journal-title>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn>2618-6446</issn>
   <publisher>
    <publisher-name>SET Technology</publisher-name>
   </publisher>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2044d735-674b-4ecc-9adb-5efcdd4d995d</article-id>
   <title-group>
    <article-title>Non-Magnetic Materials Assignment based on Artificial Neural Network</article-title>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group>
    <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
     <name>
      <surname>Özkaya</surname>
      <given-names>Umut</given-names>
     </name>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name>
      <surname>Öztürk</surname>
      <given-names>Şaban</given-names>
     </name>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name>
      <surname>Seyfi</surname>
      <given-names>Levent</given-names>
     </name>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name>
      <surname>Akdemir</surname>
      <given-names>Bayram</given-names>
     </name>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff id="aff1">
    <institution>Selçuk University </institution>
   </aff>
   <aff id="aff2">
    <institution>Amasya University </institution>
   </aff>
   <pub-date date-type="pub">
    <day>23</day>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2018</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>2</volume>
   <fpage>410</fpage>
   <lpage>415</lpage>
   <permissions>
    <copyright-statement>© 2018 SET Technology</copyright-statement>
    <copyright-year>2018</copyright-year>
    <copyright-holder>SET Technology</copyright-holder>
    <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
     <license-p>CC BY 4.0</license-p>
    </license>
   </permissions>
   <abstract>
    <p>In this paper, signal recognition system is proposed for classification of soil types and buried object by using feature extraction and artificial neural networks. Using GprMax simulation program, 300 GPR A scan signals were obtained for different ground planes and materials with 206 Hz sampling frequency. Since the materials of buried objects are non-magnetic, these signals contain electric fields in the z direction (Ez) and magnetic fields in the x and y directions (Hx, HY). Features are extracted from them in time and frequency domain such as mean, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis etc. Therefore, signal features are obtained for inputs of artificial neural networks. Feed forward backpropagation neural network is chosen as an artificial neural network model. The outputs of neural network are types of soil and materials. Also, classification accuracy is examined with changes in learning rates, iteration numbers, momentum constant and number of neurons in hidden layer. The obtained results show high accuracy rate for soil and material recognition.  </p>
   </abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>Ground Penetrating Radar, Signal Processing, Feature Extraction, Classification, Artificial Neural Network</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>Ground Penetrating Radar, Signal Processing, Feature Extraction, Classification, Artificial Neural Network</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="ref1">
    <mixed-citation>N. P. Singh and M. J. Nene, &quot;Buried object detection and analysis of GPR images: Using neural network and curve fitting&quot;, 2013 Annual International Conference on Emerging Research Areas and 2013 International Conference on Microelectronics, Communications and Renewable Energy, Kanjirapally, 2013, pp. 1-6.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref2">
    <mixed-citation>Warren, C., Giannopoulos, A. and Giannakis I. &quot;gprMax: Open source software to simulate electromagnetic wave propagation for Ground Penetrating Radar&quot;, Computer Physics Communications, 209, 163-170, 2016.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref3">
    <mixed-citation>Jol, H.M., (2009). Ground Penetrating Radar: Theory and Applications, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref4">
    <mixed-citation>Wang, Y., Li, X., Sun, Y., Li, J. and Stoica, P., (2005), “Adaptive Imaging for Forward-looking Ground Penetrating Radar”, IEEE Trans. on AES, 41(3): 922-936.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref5">
    <mixed-citation>Daniels, D.J., (2004). Ground penetrating radar, Second Editon, London, UK.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref6">
    <mixed-citation>Youn, H., Kobashigawa, J., Evans, M. and Çelik, N., 2010, &quot;Feasibility Study for IED Detection Using Forward-Looking Ground Penetrating Radar Integrated with Target Features Classification&quot;, 2010 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref7">
    <mixed-citation>Gerardin, R. C.; Huallpa, B. N.; Alves, M.A.F.; Arruda, J.R.F. (2009). Analysis of Spark Ignition Engine Knock Signals Using Fourier and Discrete Wavelet Transform. SAE Technical Paper, 2009-36-0312.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref8">
    <mixed-citation>Brol, S.; Mamala, J. J. (2010). Application of Spectral and Wavelet Analysis in Power Train System Diagnostic. SAE Technical Paper, 2010-01-0250.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref9">
    <mixed-citation>Weeks, M. (2007). Digital Signal Processing Using MATLAB and Wavelets. Infinity Science Press LLC. ISBN: 0-9778582-0-0.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref10">
    <mixed-citation>Aly, M. F. (2013). Engine Fault Detection Using Wavelet Packet Transforms.SAE Technical Paper, 2013-01-1705.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref11">
    <mixed-citation>Dipak K. Neog, Shyam S. Pattnaik, Dhruba. C. Panda, Swapna Devr, Bonomali Khuntia ve Malaya Dutta (2005) &quot;Design of a Wideband Microstrip Antenna and the use of Artificial Neural Networks in Parameter Calculation&quot;, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, ISSN 1045-9243/2005, pp. 60- 65.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref12">
    <mixed-citation>Lacher, R.C., Artificial Neural Networks, An Introduction to the Theory and Practice, Florida State University, 2009.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref13">
    <mixed-citation>Jayalakshmi, T., Santhakumaran, A., “Statistical Normalization and Back Propagation for Classification”, International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering, 3, 1, 2011.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref14">
    <mixed-citation>He, Q., Neural Network and Its Application in IR, Graduate School of Library and Informaition Science University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaing ,Spring, 1999.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref15">
    <mixed-citation>Gupta, R., Singh, H.P. ve Bailer- Jones, C.A.L., An Introduction to Artificial Neural Networks, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, İndia, 2001.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
