{ "article_id": 874, "public_id": "62087c47-3ce0-40ee-9833-89f021666933", "internal_identifier": null, "source_identifier": "39:239", "status": "published", "type": "abstract_only", "title": "Beta Laktam Antibiyotikler ve Genişlemiş Spektrumlu Beta Laktamazlar (ESBL)", "title_secondary": null, "abstract": "Yapısında ß-laktam halkası içeren antibiyotiklere “ß -laktam Grubu Antibiyotikler” adı verilir. β-laktam antibiyotikler Enterobacteriaceae kaynaklı enfeksiyonlarının tedavisinde en sık kullanılan antibakteriyel ajanlardır. Ancak β-laktam antibiyotiklerinin yoğun kullanımı bu gruba karşı gelişen direnci de arttırmaktadır. Gram negatif bakterilerin β-laktam direncinde önde gelen mekanizma β-laktamaz üretimidir. Genişlemiş spektrumlu β-laktamazlar (GSBL), mikrobiyolojik olarak oksiimino sefalosporinleri hidrolize edebilen, klavulanik asit tarafından inhibe olabilen enzimler olarak tanımlanmaktadırlar. GSBL üreten izolatların genellikle diğer antibiyotiklere de (aminoglikozitler, tetrasiklin, kloroformfenikol, trimetoprim, sulfonomidler veya kinolonlar) dirençli oldukları ve bu direnç genlerin plazmit, transpozon, integronlar ve/veya genetik elementlerle transfer olabilmektedir. Temelde üç tip GSBL bulunmaktadır. Bu gruplar: TEM Grubu, SHV grubu ve CTX-M Grubu. GSBL sentezleyen bakterilerin hızlı bir şekilde yayılması son yıllarda ciddi sağlık problemleri oluşturmaktadır. Bu durum sonucu, uzun süre hastanede yatış, yoğun bakım ünitesinde bulunma, idrar, venöz vb. kateter uygulamaları gibi çeşitli girişimler GSBL üreten kökenlerde enfeksiyon riskini artırmaktadır. Tedavi için geniş spektrumlu β-laktam antibiyotikleri kullanılmakla beraber, büyük çoğunluğu çoklu ilaç direncine sahip olduklarından tedavi sürecinde zorluklarla karşılaşılmaktadır. Karbapenemler, günümüzde kullanımda olan antibiyotikler arasında bilinen en geniş antibakteriyel etki spektrumuna sahip antibiyotik sınıfıdır. Bu antibiyotik grubu, ağır enfeksiyonların ya da dirençli mikroorganizmaların neden olduğu tabloların tedavisi amacıyla “son basamak antibiyotik” olarak kullanılmaktadır.  ", "language": "tr", "english_title": "Beta-Lactam Antibiotics and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs)", "english_abstract": "Antibiotics containing a β-lactam ring are called \"β-lactam Group Antibiotics\". β-lactam antibiotics are the most frequently used antibacterial agents in the treatment of infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae. However, the intensive use of β-lactam antibiotics is also increasing resistance to this group. The leading mechanism in β-lactam resistance in Gram-negative bacteria is β-lactamase production. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are microbiologically defined as enzymes that can hydrolyze oxyiminocephalosporins and are inhibited by clavulanic acid. ESBL-producing isolates are often resistant to other antibiotics (aminoglycosides, tetracycline, chloroformfenicol, trimethoprim, sulfonomids, or quinolones), and this resistance can be transferred via plasmids, transposons, integrons, and/or genetic elements. There are essentially three types of ESBLs: TEM Group, SHV Group, and CTX-M Group. The rapid spread of ESBL-synthesizing bacteria has created serious health problems in recent years. As a result, various interventions such as prolonged hospitalization, intensive care unit stays, and urinary, venous, etc. catheterization increase the risk of infection in ESBL-producing strains. Although broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics are used for treatment, difficulties are encountered in the treatment process because the vast majority are multidrug resistant. Carbapenems are the class of antibiotics with the broadest known antibacterial spectrum among those currently in use. This group of antibiotics is used as a \"last resort\" for the treatment of severe infections or conditions caused by resistant microorganisms.", "doi": null, "doi_url": null, "resource_url": "https://www.set-science.com/a/62087c47-3ce0-40ee-9833-89f021666933", "pdf_url": null, "og_image": "https://www.set-science.com/assets/img/og-card-v2.png", "authors": [ { "public_id": "e8514093-95cc-4e8d-ab15-5e22dc4e70a1", "given": "Belgin", "family": "Sırıken", "full": "Belgin Sırıken", "literal": null, "orcid": null, "orcid_url": null, "email": "bsiriken@omu.edu.tr", "corresponding": true, "sequence": "first", "affiliations": [ { "name": "Ondokuz Mayıs University", "department": null, "country": null, "country_code": null, "ror": null, "ror_url": null } ] }, { "public_id": "edee31b8-8966-44f9-a17a-27903f0542a0", "given": "Ceren", "family": "Başkan", "full": "Ceren Başkan", "literal": null, "orcid": null, "orcid_url": null, "email": "bsiriken@omu.edu.tr", "corresponding": false, "sequence": "additional", "affiliations": [ { "name": "Amasya University", "department": null, "country": null, "country_code": null, "ror": null, "ror_url": null } ] }, { "public_id": "75425181-0236-4968-a021-ae2b8a62ddfc", "given": "Fatih", "family": "Sırıken", "full": "Fatih Sırıken", "literal": null, "orcid": null, "orcid_url": null, "email": "bsiriken@omu.edu.tr", "corresponding": false, "sequence": "additional", "affiliations": [ { "name": "Adnan Menderes University", "department": null, "country": null, "country_code": null, "ror": null, "ror_url": null } ] } ], "keywords": [ "Beta-laktam antibiyotikler", "GSBL", "GSBL tipleri", "antibiyotik dirençlilik" ], "translations": [ { "language": "en", "title": "Beta-Lactam Antibiotics and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs)", "abstract": "Antibiotics containing a β-lactam ring are called \"β-lactam Group Antibiotics\". β-lactam antibiotics are the most frequently used antibacterial agents in the treatment of infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae. However, the intensive use of β-lactam antibiotics is also increasing resistance to this group. The leading mechanism in β-lactam resistance in Gram-negative bacteria is β-lactamase production. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are microbiologically defined as enzymes that can hydrolyze oxyiminocephalosporins and are inhibited by clavulanic acid. ESBL-producing isolates are often resistant to other antibiotics (aminoglycosides, tetracycline, chloroformfenicol, trimethoprim, sulfonomids, or quinolones), and this resistance can be transferred via plasmids, transposons, integrons, and/or genetic elements. There are essentially three types of ESBLs: TEM Group, SHV Group, and CTX-M Group. The rapid spread of ESBL-synthesizing bacteria has created serious health problems in recent years. As a result, various interventions such as prolonged hospitalization, intensive care unit stays, and urinary, venous, etc. catheterization increase the risk of infection in ESBL-producing strains. Although broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics are used for treatment, difficulties are encountered in the treatment process because the vast majority are multidrug resistant. Carbapenems are the class of antibiotics with the broadest known antibacterial spectrum among those currently in use. This group of antibiotics is used as a \"last resort\" for the treatment of severe infections or conditions caused by resistant microorganisms.", "keywords": [ "Beta-laktam antibiyotikler", "GSBL", "GSBL tipleri", "antibiyotik dirençlilik" ] } ], "subjects": [], "subject_names": [], "published_date": "2018-12-31", "published_year": "2018", "received_date": null, "accepted_date": null, "volume": "3", "issue": null, "page_first": "1246", "page_last": "1249", "article_number": null, "conference": { "short_name": "ISAS2018-Winter", "full_title": "2nd International Symposium on Innovative Approaches in Scientific Studies", "name": "2nd International Symposium on Innovative Approaches in Scientific Studies", "acronym": "ISAS2018-Winter", "location": "Samsun, Türkiye", "start_date": "2018-11-30", "end_date": null, "public_id": "b8a703cc-09f7-4d5b-ae60-eb31a1050720" }, "proceedings": { "title": "2nd International Symposium on Innovative Approaches in Scientific Studies", "series_title": "Setsci conference indexing system", "publisher": "SET Technology", "isbn": null, "eisbn": null, "issn": "2618-6446", "eissn": null, "doi": null, "doi_prefix": null, "slug": "setsci-volume-3-2018-legacy-39", "public_id": "641f522e-9cf0-4c89-be17-c6037f3d1bca", "url": "https://www.set-science.com/p/setsci-volume-3-2018-legacy-39" }, "license": { "name": "CC BY 4.0", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "code": "CC-BY-4.0", "open_access": true }, "copyright": { "holder": "SET Technology", "year": "2018" }, "funding_statement": null, "funders": [], "references": [ { "order": 1, "raw": "D.M. 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