{ "article_id": 638, "public_id": "879ca6ba-723b-4aad-acfa-3c1cbbe73d8f", "internal_identifier": null, "source_identifier": "39:3", "status": "published", "type": "abstract_only", "title": "KENTSEL RANTIN OLUŞUMU VE BÖLÜŞÜMÜ SÜRECİNDE KENT PİYASASININ ROLÜ", "title_secondary": null, "abstract": "Günümüzde piyasa mekanizmasının işleyiş kurallarını yücelten ekonomik politikalar eşliğinde, devletin rolü de değişmektedir. Devletin rolü yaşanan tüm sosyal eşitsizliklere tükenen kaynaklara dengesizliklere rağmen sadece düzenleyiciliğe indirgenmiş, kaynakların dengeli paylaşımını sağlayan değil sadece yoksulluğu giderici bir kurum olarak tanımlanmıştır. Bu süreçle planlama teorisi ve pratiği de tartışılan konular arasına alınmış, sosyo-ekonomik bir kategori olarak planlama, piyasa sürecinin hakim kılındığı bir dünyada sınırlandırılmıştır. Buda kent ekonomisini rant ekonomisine kent mekânını da en fazla rantın sağlanabileceği bir araca indirgemiştir.Bu kentsel ranttaki piyasanın etkisi aslında 1980 lerde ortaya çıkmaktadır. 24 Ocak 1980 kararlarıyla benimsenen yeni ekonomi politikası bağlamında kapitalizmin yayılması ve derinleşmesinin önündeki iktisadi, siyasi ve yönetsel engellerin kaldırılması amaçlanmıştır.Bu ideolojinin ve politikaların egemen hale gelmesi ve ithal ikameci sanayileşmenin yerini dışa açık ihracatı teşvik eden sanayileşmenin almasıyla birlikte, üretime dönmeyen önemli miktarda sermayenin finans piyasalarından sonra yöneldiği alan kentsel rant ve tüketim alanları olmuştur. Kentsel rantın oluşumu ve bölüşümü sürecinde ise, başta Dünya Bankası, IMF, DTÖ gibi uluslararası örgütler, AB gibi bölgesel örgütlenmeler, küresel şirketler ve bu şirketlerle işbirliği yapan yerli şirketler, müteahhitler, emlakçılar, spekülatörler, gayri menkul yatırım ortaklıkları, kredi ve finans kuruluşları aktif rol almaktadır. Öte yandan gayrimenkul şirketleri de toprak ve konut politikasına mali sermaye ile birlikte yön vermeye çalışmaktadır. Bu şirketler gayrimenkule ve gayrimenkule dayalı sermaye piyasası araçlarına yatırım yapmak aracıyla kurulmuştur. Burada ise toprağın piyasadan alınıp satılması yani toprağın piyasalaşması amaçlanmaktadır. Diğer önemli bir konu ise Bankalar ve TOKİ tarafından gerçekleştirilen kredi ve vadeli konut satış işlemlerinden doğan alacak ve ipoteklerin menkul kıymet haline getirilerek sermaye piyasalarında satılmasına olanak sağlayan 5582 sayılı Konut Finansman Sistemine İlişkin Çeşitli Kanunlarda Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun unun (Mortgage Yasası) yasalaşmış olmasıdır. Çalışma kapsamında kamu mülklerinin dönüşümü ve kentlere sermayenin kontrolsüz müdahalesi incelenecektir. Kentlerde yüksek derecede ranta sebep olan etkenler ve rant bölüşümünde piyasanın da etkisiyle adaletsiz paylaşımın kentsel mekanlar üzerinde etkileri ortaya konularak iyileştirilmesi adına önerilerde bulunulacaktır.  ", "language": "tr", "english_title": "THE ROLE OF THE URBAN MARKET IN THE FORMATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF URBAN RENT", "english_abstract": "Today, with economic policies that glorify the operating rules of the market mechanism, the role of the state is also changing. Despite all the social inequalities, dwindling resources, and imbalances, the state's role has been reduced to mere regulation; it is defined not as an institution that ensures the balanced distribution of resources, but only as an institution that alleviates poverty. In this process, planning theory and practice have also become subjects of debate, and planning as a socio-economic category has been limited in a world dominated by the market process. This has reduced the urban economy to a rent economy and urban space to a tool for maximizing rent. The impact of the market on this urban rent actually emerged in the 1980s. The new economic policy adopted with the January 24, 1980 decisions aimed to remove economic, political, and administrative obstacles to the spread and deepening of capitalism. With the dominance of this ideology and policies, and the replacement of import-substitution industrialization with export-oriented industrialization, a significant amount of capital that did not return to production flowed from financial markets to urban rent and consumption areas. In the process of the formation and distribution of urban rent, international organizations such as the World Bank, IMF, and WTO, regional organizations such as the EU, global corporations, and local companies collaborating with them, contractors, real estate agents, speculators, real estate investment trusts, and credit and finance institutions play an active role. On the other hand, real estate companies also try to influence land and housing policy along with financial capital. These companies are established to invest in real estate and real estate-based capital market instruments. Here, the aim is the buying and selling of land on the market, i.e., the commodification of land. Another important issue is the enactment of Law No. 5582 on Amendments to Various Laws Regarding the Housing Finance System (Mortgage Law), which allows receivables and mortgages arising from loan and installment housing sales transactions carried out by banks and TOKİ (Housing Development Administration of Turkey) to be securitized and sold on capital markets. This study will examine the transformation of public properties and the uncontrolled intervention of capital in cities. The factors causing high levels of rent in cities and the effects of unequal distribution of rent, influenced by the market, on urban spaces will be revealed, and suggestions for improvement will be made.", "doi": null, "doi_url": null, "resource_url": "https://www.set-science.com/a/879ca6ba-723b-4aad-acfa-3c1cbbe73d8f", "pdf_url": null, "og_image": "https://www.set-science.com/assets/img/og-card-v2.png", "authors": [ { "public_id": "ab572022-ceb9-4817-8d42-e1f52af0f043", "given": "Duygu", "family": "Akyol", "full": "Duygu Akyol", "literal": null, "orcid": null, "orcid_url": null, "email": "duyguakyol@ktu.edu.tr", "corresponding": true, "sequence": "first", "affiliations": [ { "name": "Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi", "department": null, "country": null, "country_code": null, "ror": null, "ror_url": null } ] }, { "public_id": "a4e4adfe-d965-441b-bbe4-d0266a472e5f", "given": "Doruk Görkem", "family": "Özkan", "full": "Doruk Görkem Özkan", "literal": null, "orcid": null, "orcid_url": null, "email": "drk@gmail.com", "corresponding": false, "sequence": "additional", "affiliations": [ { "name": "Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi", "department": null, "country": null, "country_code": null, "ror": null, "ror_url": null } ] }, { "public_id": "961e541f-623b-49ff-933c-981a248e0591", "given": "Abdullah", "family": "Çiğdem", "full": "Abdullah Çiğdem", "literal": null, "orcid": null, "orcid_url": null, "email": "ab@gmail.com", "corresponding": false, "sequence": "additional", "affiliations": [ { "name": "Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi", "department": null, "country": null, "country_code": null, "ror": null, "ror_url": null } ] } ], "keywords": [ "Kentsel rant", "kentsel politika", "sermaye", "piyasa gücü" ], "translations": [ { "language": "en", "title": "THE ROLE OF THE URBAN MARKET IN THE FORMATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF URBAN RENT", "abstract": "Today, with economic policies that glorify the operating rules of the market mechanism, the role of the state is also changing. Despite all the social inequalities, dwindling resources, and imbalances, the state's role has been reduced to mere regulation; it is defined not as an institution that ensures the balanced distribution of resources, but only as an institution that alleviates poverty. In this process, planning theory and practice have also become subjects of debate, and planning as a socio-economic category has been limited in a world dominated by the market process. This has reduced the urban economy to a rent economy and urban space to a tool for maximizing rent. The impact of the market on this urban rent actually emerged in the 1980s. The new economic policy adopted with the January 24, 1980 decisions aimed to remove economic, political, and administrative obstacles to the spread and deepening of capitalism. With the dominance of this ideology and policies, and the replacement of import-substitution industrialization with export-oriented industrialization, a significant amount of capital that did not return to production flowed from financial markets to urban rent and consumption areas. In the process of the formation and distribution of urban rent, international organizations such as the World Bank, IMF, and WTO, regional organizations such as the EU, global corporations, and local companies collaborating with them, contractors, real estate agents, speculators, real estate investment trusts, and credit and finance institutions play an active role. On the other hand, real estate companies also try to influence land and housing policy along with financial capital. These companies are established to invest in real estate and real estate-based capital market instruments. Here, the aim is the buying and selling of land on the market, i.e., the commodification of land. Another important issue is the enactment of Law No. 5582 on Amendments to Various Laws Regarding the Housing Finance System (Mortgage Law), which allows receivables and mortgages arising from loan and installment housing sales transactions carried out by banks and TOKİ (Housing Development Administration of Turkey) to be securitized and sold on capital markets. This study will examine the transformation of public properties and the uncontrolled intervention of capital in cities. The factors causing high levels of rent in cities and the effects of unequal distribution of rent, influenced by the market, on urban spaces will be revealed, and suggestions for improvement will be made.", "keywords": [ "Urban rent", "urban policy", "capital", "market power" ] } ], "subjects": [], "subject_names": [], "published_date": "2018-12-31", "published_year": "2018", "received_date": null, "accepted_date": null, "volume": "3", "issue": null, "page_first": "14", "page_last": "19", "article_number": null, "conference": { "short_name": "ISAS2018-Winter", "full_title": "2nd International Symposium on Innovative Approaches in Scientific Studies", "name": "2nd International Symposium on Innovative Approaches in Scientific Studies", "acronym": "ISAS2018-Winter", "location": "Samsun, Türkiye", "start_date": "2018-11-30", "end_date": null, "public_id": "b8a703cc-09f7-4d5b-ae60-eb31a1050720" }, "proceedings": { "title": "2nd International Symposium on Innovative Approaches in Scientific Studies", "series_title": "Setsci conference indexing system", "publisher": "SET Technology", "isbn": null, "eisbn": null, "issn": "2618-6446", "eissn": null, "doi": null, "doi_prefix": null, "slug": "setsci-volume-3-2018-legacy-39", "public_id": "641f522e-9cf0-4c89-be17-c6037f3d1bca", "url": "https://www.set-science.com/p/setsci-volume-3-2018-legacy-39" }, "license": { "name": "CC BY 4.0", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "code": "CC-BY-4.0", "open_access": true }, "copyright": { "holder": "SET Technology", "year": "2018" }, "funding_statement": null, "funders": [], "references": [ { "order": 1, "raw": "Tekeli, İ, (2001). 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