<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">setsci</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title>SETSCI Conference Proceedings</journal-title>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="electronic">2687-5527</issn>
   <publisher>
    <publisher-name>SET Technology</publisher-name>
   </publisher>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36287/setsci.18.1.00101</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">af1567f4-1a83-4fd1-af63-e970cdaa3d91</article-id>
   <title-group>
    <article-title>Generative AI in Radar Systems: A Survey of Emerging Techniques and Sectoral Applications</article-title>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group>
    <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
     <name>
      <surname>Çakan </surname>
      <given-names>Selin Sevcan</given-names>
     </name>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name>
      <surname>Metin </surname>
      <given-names>Niyazi Ahmet</given-names>
     </name>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name>
      <surname>Berkol</surname>
      <given-names>Ali</given-names>
     </name>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff id="aff1">
    <institution>TED University</institution>
   </aff>
   <aff id="aff2">
    <institution>ASELSAN-BITES Defence &amp; Aerospace</institution>
   </aff>
   <pub-date date-type="pub">
    <day>24</day>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>18</volume>
   <fpage>101</fpage>
   <lpage>105</lpage>
   <permissions>
    <copyright-statement>© 2024 SET Technology</copyright-statement>
    <copyright-year>2024</copyright-year>
    <copyright-holder>SET Technology</copyright-holder>
    <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
     <license-p>CC BY 4.0</license-p>
    </license>
   </permissions>
   <abstract>
    <p>In the contemporary era of technological advancements, integrating Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) with radar systems has emerged as a groundbreaking approach to enhance the quality and clarity of radar data. This fusion has paved the way for significant improvements in data accuracy and interpretation and, expanded the potential applications of radar technology across various industries; including defense, meteorology, aviation, and autonomous vehicles. Generative AI algorithms, through their ability to learn from vast datasets and generate high-resolution radar imagery, have revolutionized how radar data is processed and analyzed. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of the current state-of-the-art Generative AI technologies applied to radar systems, highlighting critical methodologies, such as deep learning models and neural networks, that have been instrumental in achieving these advancements. Furthermore, it explores the challenges faced in the integration process, including data privacy concerns, computational demands, and the need for robust models capable of handling real-world variability. Through a detailed analysis of recent case studies and experimental results, this survey underscores the transformative impact of generative AI on enhancing radar data quality and clarity, thereby offering insights into future directions and potential breakthroughs in the field.</p>
   </abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>Radar</kwd>
    <kwd>GAN</kwd>
    <kwd>VAE</kwd>
    <kwd>SAR</kwd>
    <kwd>Image Fusion</kwd>
    <kwd>Signal Generation</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="ref1">
    <mixed-citation>Koch, W.: The radar festival on the Rhine: A highlight in the history of the IEEE AESS. IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine 38(1), 70–75 (2023)</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref2">
    <mixed-citation>Wrabel, A., Graef, R., Brosch, T.: A survey of artificial intelligence approaches for target surveillance with radar sensors. IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine 36(7), 26–43 (2021)</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref3">
    <mixed-citation>Andriole, S. J.: &quot;An Executive Guide to AI, Machine Learning, and Generative AI—With Some Help from ChatGPT and Bard.&quot; IT Professional 25(6), 21–25 (2023). DOI: 10.1109/MITP.2023.3333073</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref4">
    <mixed-citation>Goodfellow, I. J., Pouget-Abadie, J., Mirza, M., Xu, B., Warde-Farley, D., Ozair, S., Courville, A., Bengio, Y.: Generative adversarial networks. (2014)</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref5">
    <mixed-citation>Ren, Z.: The advance of generative model and variational autoencoder. In: 2022 IEEE Conference on Telecommunications, Optics and Computer Science (TOCS), pp. 268–271 (2022)</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref6">
    <mixed-citation>Knott, P., Stanko, S., Wilden, H., Gonzalez-Huici, M. A., Worms, J.: Radar systems - technology and challenges. In: 2017 18th International Radar Symposium (IRS), pp. 1–4 (2017)</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref7">
    <mixed-citation>Xu, J., Peng, Y.-N., Xia, X.-G., Farina, A.: Focus-before-detection radar signal processing: part i—challenges and methods. IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine 32(9), 48–59 (2017)</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref8">
    <mixed-citation>Chen, X., Guan, J., Huang, Y., Xue, Y., Liu, N.: Radar signal processing for low-observable marine target-challenges and solutions. In: 2019 IEEE International Conference on Signal, Information and Data Processing (ICSIDP), pp. 1–6 (2019)</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref9">
    <mixed-citation>Grohnfeldt, C., Schmitt, M., Zhu, X.: A conditional generative adversarial network to fuse SAR and multispectral optical data for cloud removal from Sentinel-2 images. In: IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, pp. 1726–1729 (2018)</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref10">
    <mixed-citation>Li, F., Wu, D., Gu, B., Dai, J., Li, W.: Airborne radar forward-looking imaging algorithm based on generative adversarial networks. In: 2023 24th International Radar Symposium (IRS), pp. 1–8 (2023)</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref11">
    <mixed-citation>Ai, J., Fan, G., Mao, Y., Jin, J., Xing, M., Yan, H.: An improved SRGAN based ambiguity suppression algorithm for SAR ship target contrast enhancement. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 19, 1–5 (2022)</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref12">
    <mixed-citation>Zeng, Z.-B., Sun, S.-K., He, Z., Ding, D.-Z.: A few-shot learning SAR image generative model for automatic target recognition. In: 2023 International Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Symposium (ACES-China), pp. 1–3 (2023)</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref13">
    <mixed-citation>Qin, J., Liu, Z., Ran, L., Xie, R., Tang, J., Guo, Z.: A target SAR image expansion method based on conditional Wasserstein deep convolutional GAN for automatic target recognition. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 15, 7153–7170 (2022)</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref14">
    <mixed-citation>Peng, G., Liu, M., Chen, S., Li, Y., Lu, F.: Generation of SAR images with features for target recognition. In: 2022 IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing, Communications and Computing (ICSPCC), pp. 1–4 (2022)</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref15">
    <mixed-citation>Truong, T., Yanushkevich, S.: Generative adversarial network for radar signal synthesis. In: 2019 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), IEEE, July 2019</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref16">
    <mixed-citation>Charlish, A., Schwalm, C.: Generating NLFM radar waveforms using variational autoencoders. In: 2022 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf22), pp. 1–6 (2022)</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref17">
    <mixed-citation>Saarinen, V., &amp; Koivunen, V.: &quot;Radar Waveform Synthesis Using Generative Adversarial Networks.&quot; In: 2020 IEEE Radar Conference</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
