Nanotechnology is the science of controlling materials at the atomic and molecular levels. With the use of nanomaterials for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, the field of molecular nanotechnology has emerged, enabling nanoelectronic biosensors and individual medical applications. One of the most important areas in nanomedicine is drug targeting. In drug targeting, different targeted nanocarriers are used. The aim of drug targeting is the transport, absorption dispersion of the active substance to the selective site. Undesirable effects may occur if the dose rate falls below a sufficient amount or exceeds the toxic level. Today, drug carrier nanosystems are used, reducing the dose of active ingredient to eliminate these unexpected situations,prolonging dosing frequency, purify toxic effects,distributes the active ingredient to the desired area. These carriers are materials which that carry a variety of drugs or imaging agents. In this study, drug targeting and drug delivery systems will be discussed. For transporting drugs to specific or difficult-to-reach sites in the body, nanocarriers are targeted, with various agents or differences in structure. Drug delivery systems are divided into various classes as micelles, dendrimers, liposomes, nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes. There is a need to use an effective and suitable carrier system for effective entry into the cell.