<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xml:lang="tr">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">setsci</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title>SETSCI Conference Proceedings</journal-title>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="electronic">2687-5527</issn>
   <publisher>
    <publisher-name>SET Technology</publisher-name>
   </publisher>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36287/setsci.22.47.001</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">d1ce2695-ca9d-42b9-aaa5-e48b9de476ee</article-id>
   <title-group>
    <article-title>Raft Tabanlı Alternatif Konsensüs Algoritmalarının Performans Analizi</article-title>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group>
    <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
     <name>
      <surname>Yılmaz</surname>
      <given-names>Halil İbrahim</given-names>
     </name>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name>
      <surname>Coşkunçay</surname>
      <given-names>Ahmet</given-names>
     </name>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff id="aff1">
    <institution>Yazılım Mühendisliği/Mühendislik Fakültesi, Atatürk Üniversitesi</institution>
   </aff>
   <aff id="aff2">
    <institution>Bilgisayar Mühendisliği/ Mühendislik Fakültesi, Atatürk Üniversitesi</institution>
   </aff>
   <pub-date date-type="pub">
    <day>10</day>
    <month>07</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>22</volume>
   <fpage>102</fpage>
   <lpage>106</lpage>
   <permissions>
    <copyright-statement>© 2025 SET Technology</copyright-statement>
    <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
    <copyright-holder>SET Technology</copyright-holder>
    <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
     <license-p>CC BY 4.0</license-p>
    </license>
   </permissions>
   <abstract>
    <p>Blokzincir teknolojileri, asimetrik şifreleme, hash algoritmaları, dağıtık yapı, akıllı sözleşmeler ve konsensüs mekanizmaları gibi kavramlara dayanır. Konsensüs mekanizmaları, blokzincir teknolojisi de dahil olmak üzere dağıtık sistemlerde, tüm düğümlerdeki verilerin aynı, doğrulanabilir, tutarlı ve geçerli sonuçlar üretmesini sağlayan yöntemlerdir. Bir blokzincir ağında, bilgilerin tüm düğümlerde tutarlı kalmasını garanti ederler. Raft gibi önde gelen oy tabanlı konsensüs protokolleri ise yaygın kullanılsalar da çeşitli dezavantajlar barındırmakta ve bazı yönlerden iyileştirmeye ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Özellikle tüm sorumluluğun lider düğüm üzerinde olması, düğümlerdeki itibar sorunları ve Bizans hata olasılığının varlığı gibi sorunlar, Raft konsensüs algoritması üzerinde iyileştirme çalışmalarına sebep olmuştur. Bu nedenle alternatif konsensüs protokollerinin ele alınması, sahip oldukları özgün tasarım nitelikleriyle, akademik çevreler, blokzincir alanındaki uygulayıcılar ve araştırmacılar için güncel gelişmelere katkı sağlamakta ve alanın ilerlemesine olanak tanımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, oluşturulacak bir simülasyon içerisinde, Raft konsensüs algoritması temelli X-RAFT, RE-RAFT, RR-RAFT ve LRD-RAFT konsensüs algoritmalarının verim, gecikme metrikleri üzerinde performans analizi yapılarak, Raft algoritması üzerindeki iyileştirme girişimlerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Geliştirilen yeni konsensüs algoritmalarının performans ölçümüyle elde edilecek sonuçlar, oy tabanlı konsensüs algoritmalarının blokzincir ağları üzerinde performans anlamında fikir vermesi amaçlanmaktadır.</p>
   </abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
    <kwd>blokzincir</kwd>
    <kwd>konsensüs protokolü</kwd>
    <kwd>raft</kwd>
    <kwd>verim</kwd>
    <kwd>gecikme</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>blockchain</kwd>
    <kwd>consensus protocol</kwd>
    <kwd>raft</kwd>
    <kwd>throughput</kwd>
    <kwd>latency</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="ref1">
    <mixed-citation>S. Nakamoto, “Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system,” Cryptography Mailing List, https://metzdowd.com, Mar. 24, 2009. [Online]. Available: https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref2">
    <mixed-citation>R. Beck, J. Stenum Czepluch, N. Lollike, and others, “Blockchain – The gateway to trust-free cryptographic transactions,” in Proc. 24th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS), Istanbul, Turkey, 2016, pp. 1–14.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref3">
    <mixed-citation>S. Abeyratne and R. Monfared, “Blockchain ready manufacturing supply chain using distributed ledger,” International Journal of Research in Engineering Technology, vol. 5, Sep. 2016.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref4">
    <mixed-citation>ITU-T Focus Group on Application of Distributed Ledger Technology, “Distributed ledger technology security framework,” ITU, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/focusgroups/dlt/Documents/d11.pdf.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref5">
    <mixed-citation>F. Tschorsch and B. Scheuermann, “Bitcoin and Beyond: A Technical Survey on Decentralized Digital Currencies,” IEEE Communications Surveys &amp; Tutorials vol.: 18, Issue: 3, pp. 2084-2123, thirdquarter 2016.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref6">
    <mixed-citation>N. Alzahrani and N. Bulusu, “Towards true decentralization: A blockchain consensus protocol based on game theory and randomness,” in Proc. 9th Int. Conf. Decision and Game Theory for Security GameSec, Seattle, WA, USA, Oct. 29–31, 2018, pp. 465–485.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref7">
    <mixed-citation>S. Hattab and I. Alyaseen, “Consensus algorithms blockchain: A comparative study,” in International Journal on Perceptive and Cognitive Computing, vol. 5, pp. 66–71, Dec. 2019.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref8">
    <mixed-citation>T. Nguyen and K. Kim, “A survey about consensus algorithms used in blockchain,” in Journal of Information Processing Systems, vol. 14, pp. 101–128, Jan. 2018.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref9">
    <mixed-citation>W. Wang et al., &quot;A Survey on Consensus Mechanisms and Mining Strategy Management in Blockchain Networks,&quot; in IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 22328-22370, 2019.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref10">
    <mixed-citation>Z. Zheng, S. Xie, H. Dai, X. Chen and H. Wang, &quot;An Overview of Blockchain Technology: Architecture, Consensus, and Future Trends,&quot; 2017 IEEE International Congress on Big Data (BigData Congress), Honolulu, HI, USA, 2017, pp. 557-564.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref11">
    <mixed-citation>L. Lamport, R. Shostak, and M. Pease, “The Byzantine generals problem,” in Association for Computing Machinery, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 382–401, Jul. 1982.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref12">
    <mixed-citation>L. Ni, Q. Ye, J. Yang, S. Zhang and M. Xian, &quot;Research of Raft Algorithm Improvement in Blockchain,&quot; 2024 IEEE 16th International Conference on Advanced Infocomm Technology (ICAIT), Enshi, China, 2024, pp. 290-294.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref13">
    <mixed-citation>D. Ongaro and J. Ousterhout, “In search of an understandable consensus algorithm,” in Proceedings of the 2014 USENIX Conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 2014, pp. 305–320.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref14">
    <mixed-citation>Y. Yuan, “Blockchain: The state of the art and future trends,” Acta Automatica Sinica, vol. 42, pp. 481–494, Apr. 2016.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref15">
    <mixed-citation>D. P. Oyinloye, J. S. Teh, N. Jamil, and M. Alawida, “Blockchain consensus: An overview of alternative protocols,” in Symmetry, vol. 13, no. 8, p. 1363, 2021.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref16">
    <mixed-citation>S. Bano, A. Sonnino, M. Al-Bassam, S. Azouvi, P. McCorry, S. Meiklejohn, and G. Danezis, “SoK: Consensus in the age of blockchains,” in Proceedings of the 1st ACM Conference on Advances in Financial Technologies, Zurich, Switzerland, 2019, pp. 183–198.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref17">
    <mixed-citation>S. J. Alsunaidi and F. A. Alhaidari, &quot;A Survey of Consensus Algorithms for Blockchain Technology,&quot; in 2019 International Conference on Computer and Information Sciences (ICCIS), Sakaka, Saudi Arabia, 2019, pp. 1-6.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref18">
    <mixed-citation>X. Liu and W. Yu, &quot;A Review of Research on Blockchain Consensus Mechanisms and Algorithms,&quot; 2024 9th International Conference on Intelligent Informatics and Biomedical Sciences (ICIIBMS), Okinawa, Japan, 2024, pp. 1-10.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref19">
    <mixed-citation>H. Yang, Y. Feng and W. Zhang, &quot;LRD-Raft: Log Replication Decouple for Efficient and Secure Consensus in Consortium-Blockchain-Based IoT,&quot; in IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 8807-8820, 1 April, 2025.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref20">
    <mixed-citation>S. Li, X. Deng and Y. Zou, &quot;RR-Raft: A Raft Consensus Algorithm Based on Reputation Regression Model and RSA Signature,&quot; 2024 2nd International Conference On Mobile Internet, Cloud Computing and Information Security (MICCIS), Changsha City, China, 2024, pp. 92-96.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref21">
    <mixed-citation>F. Li, J. Wang, W. Xie, N. Tong and D. Wang, &quot;X-RAFT: Improve RAFT Consensus to Make Blockchain Better Secure EdgeAI-Human-IoT Data,&quot; in IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 22-33, Jan.-March 2025.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref22">
    <mixed-citation>Z. Wang, C. Xu, S. Dai and X. Li, &quot;Re-Raft: An Improved Blockchain Consensus Algorithm with Enhanced Byzantine Resistance and Crash Tolerance,&quot; 2024 2nd International Conference on Computer, Vision and Intelligent Technology (ICCVIT), Huaibei, China, 2024, pp. 1-6.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref23">
    <mixed-citation>H. F. Ouattara, D. Ahmat, F. T. Ouédraogo, T. F. Bissyandé, and O. Sié, “Blockchain consensus protocols,” in *Proc. AFRICOMM 2017 – e-Infrastructure and e-Services for Developing Countries*, V. Odumuyiwa, O. Adegboyega, and C. Uwadia, Eds., Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, vol. 250. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2018.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref24">
    <mixed-citation>H. Yuan, F. Li, R. Diao, and T. Shu, “Double‐layer Byzantine fault‐tolerant grouping consensus algorithm based on Raft,” in IET Blockchain, vol. 4, pp. 555–569, Apr. 2024.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref25">
    <mixed-citation>gRPC Authors, “gRPC: A high-performance, open-source universal RPC framework,” gRPC.io. [Online]. Available: https://grpc.io.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
   <ref id="ref26">
    <mixed-citation>X. Liu and W. Yu, &quot;A Review of Research on Blockchain Consensus Mechanisms and Algorithms,&quot; 2024 9th International Conference on Intelligent Informatics and Biomedical Sciences (ICIIBMS), Okinawa, Japan, 2024, pp. 1-10.</mixed-citation>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
