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In the United States, banking desert status is classified annually from that same year’s branch data, producing a contemporaneous snapshot of current access rather than a forecast of which communities are likely to change status next. This study tests whether …

Open-finance platforms can combine models from different vendors while still concentrating capital in the same trade. Shared data, objectives, and representations make decision diversity the relevant object, rather than diversity of model names. We call loadin…

Open-finance systems increasingly compose portfolio models, data services, and execution interfaces supplied by different parties. This modularity is useful only if the executed wealth path can be checked independently of the model that proposed it. We study a…

Open-finance interfaces make market data and trading services programmable, but an API response is not an executable signal. Economic information depends on data receipt, inference completion, and feasible order arrival. We propose an execution certificate: a …

Enterprise financial forecasts are generated across multiple business dimensions such as products, regions, channels, customer cohorts, and segments. In a large enterprise, this can result in billions of populated intersections that finance teams cannot review…