Search

Adaptive research systems can generate, discard, revise, and monitor trading rules faster than their selection history can be audited. We ask when such a system may promote a frozen rule to governed forward evaluation. The proposed protocol assigns each candid…

This study develops the Political and Economic Vulnerability Score (PAVS), a composite index for assessing cross-country differences in macro-financial and institutional vulnerability. Drawing on publicly available World Bank data, the index combines 13 indica…

Open-finance platforms can combine models from different vendors while still concentrating capital in the same trade. Shared data, objectives, and representations make decision diversity the relevant object, rather than diversity of model names. We call loadin…

In the United States, banking desert status is classified annually from that same year’s branch data, producing a contemporaneous snapshot of current access rather than a forecast of which communities are likely to change status next. This study tests whether …