Plant Growth Regulator Use in Temperate Zone Fruit Trees against Abiotic Stresses

Plants encounter a variety of environmental stress factors that affect plant growth, fruit yield and quality. Stress factors cause physiological dysfunctions, ion imbalance, depression in photosynthesis, leading to growth reduction and decrease in fruit quality and taste. Recent studies have focused on the plant growth regulators to trigger plant tolerance to various environmental stresses. Plant growth regulators such as salicylic acid (SA), glycine betaine (GB), silicon (Si), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), proline have been found to play an important role in plant responses to stress factors. SA plays an important role in the regulation of plant growth, development and responses to abiotic stresses. Silicon nutrition has been shown as an important application to mitigate environmental stresses. Moreover, SNP is involved in many processes of plants such as induction in cell death, stomatal movement, photosynthesis and floral regulation. In the current review, useful effects of the plant growth regulators on temperate zone fruit trees against many stress factors will be discussed.